Poland has a mix of public and private higher education institutions. Public universities receive full or partial funding from the government, while private institutions rely entirely on private funding. Many universities and medical academies in Poland are public. There are almost 400 higher education institutions across the country.

The first cycle of studies in Poland lasts for three years, leading to a Bachelor’s or Engineer’s degree (Licencjat in Polish). The second cycle takes up to two years, and students who complete it are awarded a Master’s degree. This degree allows students to pursue further PhD studies or begin their professional careers. Third cycle studies last between three to four years and are available to those holding a Master’s degree. To earn a doctoral degree in Poland, students must pass a doctoral exam and defend their dissertation in front of a committee. Long cycle studies span four to six years, depending on the field, and students who finish this program earn a Master’s degree. Summer courses are an important part of university life, taking place during the summer break (July to September) and lasting for several weeks. These courses typically include:

• Lectures
• Classes
• Laboratory sessions
• Seminars
• Discussion groups

Lectures can have a large number of students in attendance, while smaller seminars encourage active student participation and the application of practical knowledge. Classes usually consist of 25-30 students, facilitating interaction and engagement. Personal contact with instructors is highly encouraged to foster the development of critical thinking and transferable skills.